Welcome to Auto Repair Guide
Car Repair Instruction Article
. For a permanent link to this article, or to bookmark it for further reading, click here.
Repairing Your Own Machine Components
from: Thomas Yoon
Many industrial concerns have workshops of their own. For the repair of worn shafts, the lathe machine is excellent. Keyway slots can be machined by using a milling machine, while a shaping machine can do machining of large flat areas. A drilling machine does drilling of holes.
A skilled Maintenance Engineer should know how to use all these machines in order to make his own repairs in a safe manner. Very often he has to supervise machinists. The information below should be useful for that purpose.
Lathe Machine
The lathe machine uses a single-point-cutting tool for a variety of turning, facing, and drilling jobs. Excess metal is removed by rotating the work piece over the fixed cutting tool to form straight or tapered cylindrical shapes, grooves, shoulders and screw threads. It can also be used for facing flat surfaces on the ends of cylindrical parts.
The work piece is clamped onto a horizontal rotating shaft by a 3-jaw or 4-jaw chuck. The latter chuck can be used to cut off-centered cylinders. The rotating horizontal spindle to which the chuck is attached is usually driven at speeds that can be varied.
The cutting tool is fixed onto a tool rest and manipulated by hand. It can also be power driven on straight paths parallel or perpendicular to the work axis. This is useful for screw cutting.
Internal turning known as boring results in the enlargement of an already existing hole. The holes are more accurate in roundness, concentricity, and parallelism than drilled holes. A hole is bored with a single-point-cutting tool that feeds along the inside of the work piece.
Shaping Machine
The shaping machine is used to machine flat surfaces, grooves, shoulders, T-slots, and angular surfaces with single-point tools. The cutting tool on the shaper oscillates, cutting on the forward stroke, with the work piece feeding automatically toward the tool during each return stroke.
Drilling Machine
The drilling machine is used to cut holes in metal with a twist drill. By changing the cutting tool, they can be used to do reaming, boring, counter boring, countersinking, and threading.
Milling Machine
The milling machine uses a rotating cutting tool to cut flat surfaces, grooves, and shoulders, inclined surfaces, dovetails, and T-slots. Cutters of many shapes are changed to cut different grooves.
Cutting Tools
Metal-cutting tools are classified as single point or multiple point. The lathe and shaping machine use single point cutting tool while the milling and drilling machines use multiple-point-cutting tools.
Metal is cut either by moving the work piece like in the lathe or by moving the tool like in the shaping machine, drilling or milling machine. Clearance angles must be provided to prevent the tool surface below the cutting edge from rubbing against the work piece. Rake angles are often provided on cutting tools to cause a wedging action in the formation of chips and to reduce friction and heat.
Tool Materials
In order to remove chips from a work piece, a cutting tool must be harder than the work piece and must maintain a cutting edge at the temperature produced by the friction of the cutting action.
Carbon Steel
Carbon steel tools even though comparatively inexpensive tend to lose cutting ability at temperatures around 400 degree F (205 degree C).
High-Speed Steel
High-speed steel, containing 18 percent tungsten, 4 percent chromium, 1 percent vanadium, and only 0.5 to 0.8 percent carbon, permits the operation of tools twice or three times the speeds allowable with carbon steel
Cast Alloys
Cast-alloy cutting-tool materials containing cobalt, chromium, and tungsten are effective in cutting cast iron and retaining their cutting ability even when red hot.
Cemented Tungsten Carbide
The hardness of Tungsten Carbide approaches that of a diamond. Tungsten carbide tools can be operated at cutting speeds many times higher than those used with high-speed steel.
Oxides
Ceramic, or oxide, tool tips consist primarily of fine aluminum oxide grains, which are bonded together. These are very hard.
Cutting fluids
An overheated tool can become blunt and soft very fast. Therefore very often, cooling fluids cools the cutting points of the tool. This serves to lubricate and cool.
Water is an excellent cooling medium, but it corrodes ferrous materials. Sulfurized mineral oil is one of the most popular coolants as it can both cool as well as lubricate. The sulfur prevents chips from the work from melting on to the tip of the tool.
About the author:
Many years of working experience in Marine, Facilities, Construction has given the author material for writing e-books and articles related to engineering, and management. Subscribe to facworld ezine at mailto:facworld-subscribe@yahoogroups.com More information at http://www.free-marine.comand http://www.free-engineering.com
Please click here for more industrial technology related articles.
Car Repair Instruction News
Teen Driver Safety: Top Five Things to Remember if Your Vehicle Breaks Down - MarketWatch (press release)
Teen Driver Safety: Top Five Things to Remember if Your Vehicle Breaks Down MarketWatch (press release) "Our Teen Auto Repair and Maintenance Guide not only includes important tips on vehicle repair and maintenance, but also offers advice on what to do in the event of a break down while driving, and how to stay safe while they are on the side of the road ... |
Teen Driver Safety: Top Five Things to Remember if Your Vehicle Breaks Down - PR Newswire (press release)
Teen Driver Safety: Top Five Things to Remember if Your Vehicle Breaks Down PR Newswire (press release) "Our Teen Auto Repair and Maintenance Guide not only includes important tips on vehicle repair and maintenance, but also offers advice on what to do in the event of a break down while driving, and how to stay safe while they are on the side of the road ... |
AutoZone Management Discusses Q3 2012 Results - Earnings Call Transcript - Seeking Alpha
AutoZone Management Discusses Q3 2012 Results - Earnings Call Transcript Seeking Alpha [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's call is being recorded. If you have any objections, please disconnect at this time. This conference call will discuss AutoZone's third quarter financial results. Bill Rhodes, the company's Chairman ... |
Paddle Sports Center plans to expand - Daily Journal of Commerce
 Daily Journal of Commerce | Paddle Sports Center plans to expand Daily Journal of Commerce “What was basically just an automotive repair garage is becoming more compatible with a lot of the changes happening in the neighborhood.” Those changes involve the transformation of old industrial warehouses into attractive spaces for large-scale ... |
New Kia Cee'd On Sale In The UK - Autochannel (press release)
 Autochannel (press release) | New Kia Cee'd On Sale In The UK Autochannel (press release) LONDON – May 21, 2012: The all-new second generation Kia cee'd goes on sale in the UK on 1 June bringing enhanced quality, refinement and efficiency to the family car market. Designed, engineered and built in Europe Kia's replacement for the car that ... |
Hyundai Launches All-New Blue Link® Mobile Application -- Industry Leading ... - MarketWatch (press release)
Hyundai Launches All-New Blue Link® Mobile Application -- Industry Leading ... MarketWatch (press release) "This improved app demonstrates one of Agero's core capabilities: developing customized user experience interfaces, from end to end, on behalf of our automotive OEM clients," said Tom Metzger, senior vice president of Global Sales & Account Management ... |
Updated Hyundai app brings remote control to your Blue Link fleet - Engadget
Updated Hyundai app brings remote control to your Blue Link fleet Engadget "This improved app demonstrates one of Agero's core capabilities: developing customized user experience interfaces, from end to end, on behalf of our automotive OEM clients," said Tom Metzger, senior vice president of Global Sales & Account Management ... |